考虑电池储能寿命模型的发电计划优化

电池储能的寿命将受到其运行方式的影响。对规模化电池储能接入电力系统的发电计划优化问题进行了研究,重点考虑了电池储能的寿命模型及其在不同运行方式下的折损与经济性。文中依据电池寿命的影响机理和半经验模型,针对全系统优化的简化建模的要求,归纳出了基于交换功率和基于放电深度两类电池寿命模型,其中基于放电深度的模型可进一步区分为考虑日循环次数和等效循环次数两种计算方式。接着,将电池寿命模型分别内嵌到电力系统的机组组合问题中进行一体化的优化求解,构建了一个混合整数线性规划的数学模型。最后,通过算例分析比较了不同模型的适用性与建模效果。     

Use of low-temperature scanning electron microscopy to compare and characterize three classes of snow cover

This study, which uses low-temperature scanning electron microscopy (LTSEM), systematically sampled and characterized snow crystals that were collected from three unique classes of snow cover: prairie, taiga, and alpine. These classes, which were defined in previous field studies, result from exposure to unique climatic variables relating to wind, precipitation, and air temperature. Snow samples were taken at 10 cm depth intervals from the walls of freshly excavated snow pits. The depth of the snow pits for the prairie, taiga, and alpine covers were 28, 81, and 110 cm, respectively. Visual examination revealed that the prairie snow cover consisted of two distinct layers whereas the taiga and alpine covers had four distinct layers. Visual measurements were able to establish the range of crystal sizes that occurred in each layer, the temperature within the pit, and the snow density. The LTSEM observations revealed the detailed structures of the types of crystals that occurred in the snow covers, and documented the metamorphosis that transpired in the descending layers. Briefly, the top layers from two of the snow covers consisted of freshly fallen snow crystals that could be readily distinguished as plates and columns (prairie) or graupel (taiga). Alternatively, the top layer in the alpine cover consisted of older dendritic crystal fragments that had undergone early metamorphosis, that is, they had lost their sharp edges and had begun to show signs of joining or bonding with neighboring crystals. A unique layer, known as sun crust, was found in the prairie snow cover; however, successive samplings from all three snow covers showed similar stages of metamorphism that led to the formation of depth hoar crystals. These changes included the gradual development of large, three-dimensional crystals having clearly defined flat faces, sharp edges, internal depressions, and facets. The study, which indicates that LTSEM can be used to enhance visual data by systematically characterizing snow crystals that are collected at remote locations, is important for understanding the physics of snowpacks and the metamorphosis that leads to potential avalanche situations. In addition, the metamorphosis of snow crystals must be considered when microwave radiometry is used to estimate the snow water equivalent in the winter snowpack, because large snow crystals more effectively scatter passive microwave radiation than small crystals.     

深度分组检测(DPI)技术数据整合思路分析

现有DPI系统烟囱式部署,存在重复采,重复存,重复开发,数据格式不一致等现象,无法形成全量数据的全视景,不充分体现数据价值,DPI整体依赖厂家,无法形成需求的自我感知及能力的自我培养。针对现有困境进行了深入剖析,从实际需求出发,提出了面向多应用系统的统一DPI改造部署方案,为网络侧构建分层、解耦、标准、开放的统一DPI体系奠定了基础。     

基于高时空分辨率卫星数据的气溶胶光学厚度反演系统

卫星遥感技术是研究大气气溶胶时空变化规律的重要手段之一。高分四号卫星(GF-4)作为新一代静止卫星,不仅具备更多的可见-近红外波段,而且具有超高时空分辨率的特点,可以执行对固定区域连续观测或凝视扫描覆盖观测,为气溶胶光学厚度定量反演提供了有利条件。基于GF-4静止卫星超高时空分辨率卫星数据,在深入了解卫星观测模式及传感器波段对气溶胶反演敏感性基础上,基于地气时变差异核心思路,开发了针对GF-4超高时空分辨率数据气溶胶光学厚度反演算法;设计并实现了具备业务化反演气溶胶光学厚度能力的软件系统,软件系统具备多线程、全自动运行能力,满足卫星数据处理业务化需求。利用该系统对GF-4数据进行了处理和分析,通过地基仪器实测的气溶胶光学厚度进行了验证,取得了初步结果。结果表明,该系统具有良好的可靠性和稳定性,可以服务于大气颗粒物时空变化遥感监测。     

Searching surface orientation of microscopic objects for accurate 3D shape recovery

In this article, we propose a new shape from focus (SFF) method to estimate 3D shape of microscopic objects using surface orientation cue of each object patch. Most of the SFF algorithms compute the focus value of a pixel from the information of neighboring pixels lying on the same image frame based on an assumption that the small object patch corresponding to the small neighborhood of a pixel is a plane parallel to the focal plane. However, this assumption fails in the optics with limited depth of field where the neighboring pixels of an image have different degree of focus. To overcome this problem, we try to search the surface orientation of the small object patch corresponding to each pixel in the image sequence. Searching of the surface orientation is done indirectly by principal component analysis. Then, the focus value of each pixel is computed from the neighboring pixels lying on the surface perpendicular to the corresponding surface orientation. Experimental results on synthetic and real microscopic objects show that the proposed method produces more accurate 3D shape in comparison to the existing techniques.     

潜望高度变化对潜望镜性能的影响

对潜望镜及改变双透镜转像系统间的间隔来实现潜望高度的改变进行了简要说明,并对转像系统间隔变化对整个系统性能可能产生的影响,进行了分析及计算。     

210t RH炉的物理模拟研究

摘要：采用物理模拟的方法对210t RH炉的混匀时间、循环流量和去除夹杂物效果进行了研究,并结合实验结果制定了RH炉合理的工艺参数。结果表明,随着提升气量的增大,RH炉的钢液混匀时间缩短,特别是提升气量在100～130m3/h范围内,混匀时间减小幅度最大。当提升气体流量达到190m3/h后,混匀时间达到最小。RH炉钢液循环流量随提升气量的增加而增大,提升气量大于160m3/h后,循环流量开始变化比较平缓。夹杂物去除过程基本上是在前28min内完成,去除最迅速的阶段是前8min。     

试论地质勘查和深部地质钻探找矿技术

目前,浅层矿产大部分已被开采,所以要强化深部地质钻探技术研究,提高找矿的能力。本文对地质勘查内容与原则进行介绍,重要分析了深部钻探找矿技术,仅供参考。     

光谱仪动镜倾斜误差分析及其动态校正技术研究

采用了双光束干涉的迈克尔逊干涉仪系统的傅里叶变换红外光谱仪,在动镜运动过程中,动镜可能在三个方向发生倾斜。通过建立干涉面光强分布的二维数学模型,确立了干涉图函数的数学表达式,从调制度、相位误差和频率噪声的角度,对动镜倾斜误差进行了系统分析。在误差分析的基础上,对动镜容许的最大倾斜角度进行了讨论,并对其动态校正技术的要点做了分析。     

静力触探曲线超前滞后深度的计算

根据ｏｈｄｅ理论以及水平分层地基中的应力分布理论、沉降计算公式,对静力触探贯入阻力在地层分界面附近的变化趋势及分界面的影响范围作了定量分析,提出了相应的计算公式及方法,计算结果与实测较吻合。